The Observable Universe
Information:
The observable universe is a spherical region of the Universe comprising all matter that can be observed from Earth or its space-based telescopes and exploratory probes at the present time, because electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach the Solar System and Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion. There are at least 2 trillion galaxies in the observable universe. Assuming the Universe is isotropic, the distance to the edge of the observable universe is roughly the same in every direction. That is, the observable universe has a spherical volume (a ball) centered on the observer. Every location in the Universe has its own observable universe, which may or may not overlap with the one centered on Earth.
The word observable in this sense does not refer to the capability of modern technology to detect light or other information from an object, or whether there is anything to be detected. It refers to the physical limit created by the speed of light itself. Because no signals can travel faster than light, any object farther away from us than light could travel in the age of the Universe (estimated as of 2015 around 13.799±0.021 billion years) simply cannot be detected, as the signals could not have reached us yet. Sometimes astrophysicists distinguish between the visible universe, which includes only signals emitted since recombination—and the observable universe, which includes signals since the beginning of the cosmological expansion (the Big Bang in traditional physical cosmology, the end of the inflationary epoch in modern cosmology).
Numbers:
Diameter: 8.8×1026 meters (28.5 Gigaparsecs or 93 Gigalightyears)
Volume: 4×1080 m3
Mass: 4.5 x 1051 kg
Age: 0.021 to 13.799 billion years
Average Temperature: 2.72548 Kelvin
Contents:
Ordinary (baryonic) matter (all the substances we
know, like hydrogen and oxygen) = 4.9%
Dark matter (all the substances we don't know) = 26.8%
Dark energy (energy of which we know it exists, but
we can't find it) = 68.3%
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